BaZi · 天干 · Ten Heavenly Stems · Day Master

The Ten Heavenly Stems — 甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸

天干 · tiān gān · ten expressions of the Five Elements · the source of your Day Master

The Five Elements appear not as five but as ten — each element in both its yang (active, outward, expansive) and yin (receptive, inward, contracting) form. These ten Heavenly Stems (天干, tiān gān) are the most fundamental characters in BaZi: they appear in every pillar, they define the Day Master, and they carry the personality qualities that shape how elemental energy is expressed. Understanding them is the beginning of understanding BaZi.

Find Your Day Master

Your Day Master is the Heavenly Stem of your birth day — the single most important character in your BaZi chart, the lens through which everything else is read. Enter your birth date to find it. Note: if born between 23:00 and midnight, the BaZi day may shift to the following calendar day (the Rat Hour 子時 begins at 23:00).

All Ten — In Full

甲 Jiǎ · Yang Wood · The Oak
The first stem and the beginning of the cycle — pure, uncompromised yang Wood energy. The great tree: upward reaching, firmly rooted, providing structure and shade. Jiǎ people lead, initiate and set direction. They have strong convictions and high principles. Their weakness is exactly their strength: once rooted, they do not bend. In BaZi, 甲 Wood is weakened by Metal (which cuts it), supported by Water (which nourishes it), and exhausted by Fire (which burns it).
乙 Yǐ · Yin Wood · The Vine
Where 甲 stands upright, 乙 flows around. The vine, the grass, the flower — flexible and persistent, reaching its destination by finding support rather than forcing through. Yǐ people are naturally charming, diplomatic and excellent at working with and through others. They appear soft but are extraordinarily resilient. Their challenge is the flip side of adaptability: dependency on others and difficulty standing alone when support is withdrawn.
丙 Bǐng · Yang Fire · The Sun
The sun itself — constant, generous, impartial, impossible to miss. 丙 Fire people are naturally charismatic and cannot easily conceal their feelings or intentions. They warm everyone in their field, and like the sun, they do not discriminate between who receives their energy. Their gift is authentic expression and genuine warmth. Their challenge is the exhaustion they can produce in those who cannot match their brightness, and a tendency to burn without realising it.
丁 Dīng · Yin Fire · The Candle
Where 丙 illuminates everything, 丁 illuminates selectively — the candle flame, the star, the focused light of deep intention. 丁 Fire people are nurturing, romantic and emotionally precise. They give their warmth deliberately and cherish those within their light. They are deeply loyal and deeply feeling — in a way that is not always visible on the surface. Their challenge is vulnerability and the tendency to overthink in the dark hours when their flame burns low.
戊 Wù · Yang Earth · The Mountain
The vast plain, the mountain, the desert — immovable, enduring, the container for all things. 戊 Earth people are the foundations that others build on. They provide stability in any situation and almost never panic. Deeply reliable and patient, they outlast rather than outmanoeuvre. Their challenge is resistance to necessary change: the mountain does not move easily even when it should. They can become immovable when flexibility would serve.
己 Jǐ · Yin Earth · The Garden
Fertile garden soil — receptive, nourishing, alive with contained complexity. Where 戊 Earth is the vast and static landscape, 己 Earth is the managed, cultivated field. 己 people sustain and support with care and attention. They notice everything in their environment and carry a deep sense of responsibility for those they nurture. Their challenge is anxiety that comes with caring so deeply — and the tendency to over-manage what they love.
庚 Gēng · Yang Metal · The Sword
The axe, the sword, the raw ore pressed into a blade — refined through pressure into something precise and powerful. 庚 Metal people are natural decision-makers. They value clarity, results and the direct path. They set high standards and apply them equally to themselves and others. Their strength is determination and the willingness to cut through confusion. Their challenge is ruthlessness when the situation calls for nuance, and difficulty accepting imperfection in themselves or their environment.
辛 Xīn · Yin Metal · The Jewel
The jewel, the fine needle, the delicate blade — beauty shaped under pressure into something refined and rare. Where 庚 is the raw force of Metal, 辛 is its refinement. 辛 people carry high standards and an acute aesthetic sense. They appear polished and composed, yet feel things deeply. Their strength is attention to quality and the capacity for refinement. Their challenge is pride — easily wounded and slow to heal — and sensitivity to criticism that can prevent them from sharing what they create.
壬 Rén · Yang Water · The Ocean
The great river, the sea — deep, powerful, constantly moving. 壬 Water people are the strategists, the unconventional thinkers, the minds that find the way through where others see walls. They think in systems and connections, spotting patterns across domains. Resourceful and adventurous, they are energised by challenge and stimulation. Their challenge is the restlessness that prevents commitment: the river does not stop. Consistency and follow-through require conscious effort.
癸 Guǐ · Yin Water · The Rain
The mist, the rain, the morning dew — soft in appearance and penetrating in effect. 癸 Water people move through life with quiet depth and strong intuition. Where 壬 moves powerfully and visibly, 癸 permeates invisibly. They perceive what others cannot and communicate through indirect means. Their strength is wisdom and sensitivity that accesses depths most people cannot reach. Their challenge is self-doubt in proportion to their gifts, and difficulty asserting their needs directly.

Why the Day Stem Outweighs the Rest

In BaZi, the Day Master is the reference point from which all other characters are read. Every other character in the chart is understood in relation to it — as something that produces it, controls it, supports it, drains it, or relates to it in one of the ten recognised ways (the Ten Gods, 十神). The same character means something entirely different depending on which Day Master it sits beside.

This is the core reason why BaZi cannot be reduced to "you are a Yang Wood person." Your Day Master tells you your elemental identity; the rest of the chart tells you what that identity encounters, is strengthened by, is challenged by, and becomes through the circumstances of your specific birth moment and the Luck Pillars of your specific life. The Day Master is the subject of a story; the rest of the chart is the story itself.

What the Day Master reveals at the most basic level: your core motivational structure, your natural approach to challenge, your instinctive relationship to the five elements, and the elemental "medicine" your chart is most likely to benefit from. A weak Day Master needs support from its productive element (Water nourishes Wood). A strong Day Master needs the outlet of expression (Wood produces Fire) or the governance of its controlling element (Metal governs Wood). Strength or weakness of the Day Master is determined by the Month Branch — and this is already one level beyond what a Day Master identification alone can tell you.

The Day Master calculator above gives you the starting point — not the analysis. Knowing you are 甲 Yang Wood tells you your elemental nature and suggests your core archetype. It does not tell you whether your Yang Wood is strong or weak, which elements support or oppose you, what your Luck Pillars activate, or how your Day Master interacts with your partner's chart. For the complete picture, you need all four pillars — and the understanding to read them together. The Ten Heavenly Stems section of this page prepares you to recognise your character; the rest of the BaZi section teaches you how to read the chart it anchors.