Cosmologies · Maps of Reality · Ancient and Alternative

Cosmologies & Maps of Reality

Every culture and era has produced a model of what the universe is and where we are within it. Some of these models are ancient — preserved in sacred texts, temple architecture and oral tradition for thousands of years. Others are modern — emerging from alternative science, internet communities and the revival of pre-Copernican ideas. All of them are presented here without endorsement or dismissal: as maps drawn by human minds attempting to locate themselves in the cosmos, each containing something worth examining.

Earth Models

Flat Earth · Ice Wall · Antarctica · Lands Beyond

Flat Earth + Ice Wall

The known world as a disc surrounded by a ring of ice — beyond which lie territories from Hyperborea to Agartha. The ancient roots of this model in Babylonian, Greek and Norse cosmology, the modern revival, and the Antarctic question.

Ice WallAzimuthal MapLands Beyond

Firmament · Dome · Rakia · Astrotheology

The Firmament & Dome

The solid sky — rakia in Hebrew, stereoma in Greek, firmamentum in Latin. The dome cosmology shared by Babylonian, Egyptian, Norse and biblical traditions, the waters above, and astrotheology's claim that all religion is celestial allegory.

RakiaWaters AboveAstrotheology

Hollow Earth · Agartha · Inner Sun · Admiral Byrd

The planet as a shell — with an inner sun, inner geography and advanced civilisations beneath our feet. Edmond Halley's scientific proposal, Agartha and Shambhala in esoteric tradition, Admiral Byrd's disputed polar diary, and the shamanic underworld.

AgarthaInner SunAdmiral Byrd

Concave Earth · Koreshan · Cyrus Teed · Inner Surface

We live on the inner surface of a hollow sphere — the most mathematically elegant alternative. Cyrus Teed's Koreshan Unity, the Rectilineator Experiment, and why the concave and convex earth models are mathematically indistinguishable from observation alone.

Cyrus TeedKoreshanMathematical Equivalence

Universe Models

Torus Field · Sacred Geometry · Energy · Vortex

The Torus Field

The donut-shaped energy structure found from the atom to the galaxy — and the cosmological proposal that the universe itself is toroidal. The heart's electromagnetic torus, Nassim Haramein, Walter Russell, and ancient symbols that encode the toroidal form.

TorusNassim HarameinSacred Geometry

Electric Universe · Plasma · Alfvén · Thunderbolts

Electric Universe

Plasma, not gravity — the cosmos organised by electromagnetism. Hannes Alfvén's Nobel Prize-winning plasma physics, the Thunderbolts Project, dark matter as a contested construct, and the mythology connection: ancient catastrophe as plasma discharge events.

PlasmaAlfvénDark Matter

Simulation · Nick Bostrom · Consciousness · Reality

Simulation Theory

Reality as computation — Nick Bostrom's simulation argument, the physics connections, Plato's Cave, Hindu Maya and Gnostic cosmology as ancient parallels, the glitch question, and the consciousness problem that makes the argument genuinely uncertain.

BostromConsciousnessMaya

Geocentrism · Ptolemy · Tycho Brahe · Earth at Centre

Earth at the centre — the Ptolemaic system's 1,400 years of accurate prediction, the Tychonic model as a mathematically equivalent alternative, modern biblical geocentrism, and the relativity argument that makes geocentric reference frames physically legitimate.

PtolemyTychonicRelativity

Mount Meru · Hindu · Buddhist · Axis Mundi

Mount Meru & Ancient Cosmologies

The world mountain at the centre of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain cosmology — the axis mundi connecting heaven, earth and underworld. Angkor Wat as Meru in architecture, the polar mountain in medieval cartography, and the axis mundi across world traditions.

Mount MeruAxis MundiAngkor Wat